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| Eastern Orthodox Church in Ukraine |
By 100 B.C., 40 percent of Italy’s people were enslaved. Roman coins lost value in the A.D. 200s and, therefore, people began to barter. After the Battle of Adrianople, other Germanic tribes attacked Rome. The empress Theodora helped women gain more rights. The scientist Ptolemy studied the stars and planets. Most historians date the fall of Rome as when Odoacer took control. The Byzantines believed that their emperor represented Jesus Christ on Earth. Two of the most successful Byzantine missionaries were Cyril and Methodus. The Zealots were for the military overthrow of Roman rulers. The Sadducees and Pharisees were against the teachings of Jesus. The Zealots were Jews who believed they should fight the Romans. During the Last Supper, Jesus celebrated the Passover.
Constantine was the Roman emperor who ended the persecution of Christians. Pluto was the Roman god of the underworld. Jupiter and Juno were a Roman god and goddess that were husband and wife. Aphrodite and Venus are the Greek and Roman names for the goddess of love. The Romans honored their gods and goddesses by praying and offering food. Islam means surrendering to the will of god. Belief in one God is what Judaism, Christianity, and Islam have in common. Jesus was from Nazareth. In the organization of the Christian Church, the laity was the largest group, the patriarchs were the smallest, and archbishops supervised bishops. The Byzantine Empire lasted about 1000 years. Silk weaving was a major Byzantine industry. Byzantine women mainly stayed home and raised children.
As time passed, the Byzantine Empire became less Roman and more Greek. In the Byzantine Empire, the emperor controlled the church. Justinian wanted to reunite the Roman Empire. From the A.D. 500s to the A.D. 1100s, the Byzantine Empire was a crossroads for trade. In the Eastern Orthodox church, icons were once forbidden. The Basilian Rule was a list of rules for Eastern Orthodox religious life. Byzantine people loved to talk about religion. Al-Qili are the ashes used in making soap. Algebra can be defined as the binding together of disorganized parts. When Muhammad and his followers left Makkah, Madinah made Muhammad its ruler. Arab merchants transported goods across the desert in caravans. Wealthy merchants felt threatened by Islam. Muslims must fulfill the Five Pillars of Faith. The Shiites believed that the Umayyads should not be in power.
The population in China during the Tang dynasty was 50 million. Early-ripening rice was introduced into China during A.D. 960-A.D. 1279. Farming improved under the Tang dynasty because the countryside was at peace, better rice had been developed, and the Tang gave land to farmers. The earliest printing process used cuts on blocks of wood. Mongols were known for being fierce warriors. The Chinese invented gunpowder. Students preparing for civil service examinations in China never did any physical work. The compass helped ships sail farther from home. The Forbidden City was home to emperors. Zheng He traveled to Southeast Asia and India among other places.
